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Monday, January 14, 2019

Education January 14, 2019

Environmental Pollution

There is a very delicate ecological balance that sustains life on this earth. But man, in the name of development, has interfered badly with this fibre of delicate balance and destroyed its environment. In return, he has created for himself a hell that threatens the existence of man on this planet.
Also read: Keeping Quiet : Keeping Quiet Summary In Hindi
Due to senseless deforestation and emission of toxic gases into the environment, man has contributed significantly to global warming. Scientists warn that increase in the temperature of earth could result into the melting of glaciers on the earth. The glaciers have the reservoirs of water on the earth.

Their melting could result into the rise of sea level on the earth and wiping out life on the countries that lie close to the sea. Man has turned a deaf ear to the threats that nature poses before us. If there is rise in the sea level, some of the countries like Italy, France and England would be wiped from the surface of the earth.
Man is to blame none other than himself for this catastrophe. It is high time man rose up to the threats that nature poses for us for this tinkering with ecological concern.
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We should rise to the occasion to arrest the senseless cutting of trees and contributing towards releasing toxic gases into the air depleting the ozone layer of the earth. The UV rays of the sun wand reach earth directly in the absence of ozone layer. So man should do his bit to save the earth.
We have to contribute in little ways to save the environment of this earth.

For comprehension and other questions click the links below :

My Mother at Sixty Six- Kamala Das : Comprehension and Questions

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum - Stephen Spender

Keeping Quite - Pablo Neruda

A Thing of Beauty - John Keats

A Roadside Stand - Robert Frost

Aunt Jennifer's Tigers - Adrienne Rich

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Sunday, January 13, 2019

Education January 13, 2019

Keeping Quiet : Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

Keeping Quiet

Pablo Neruda is the 'pen name' and further legal name of this famous 'Chilean' poet 'Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto' - Chilean poet, diplomat, politician. He won the Nobel prize for literature in the year 1971. He wrote in green ink which was his personal symbol for desire and hope. His writings are simple, wherein lies their beaut Originally written in Spanish, the essence of this poem is based on introspection and retrospection. The poet feels that some soul searching is needed for us to be at peace with ourselves and others.

1. Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth let's not speak in any language,
let's stop for one second, and not move our arms so much

Explanation : Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

In the opening lines poet involves the readers by performing an activity. He asks the readers to do the counting up to twelve and remain still during this. He further asks not to speak either in any language of the world. During this he suggests that we should not move our arms and stop all our activities altogether. 'Arms' have a suggestive meaning here also that we should not the use armour or remain inactive during this period. By doing so there will be utter calmness altogether.

आओ हम सभी बारह तक गिने और स्थिर बने रहें। यही नही poet हमें इस दौरान दुनिया की किसी भी भाषा में बात न करने को कहता है। और हमें अपनी बाजू भी न हिलाने की सलाह देता है। यहाँ arms का अर्थ व्यापक है। arms का एक अर्थ अस्त्र भी है। अतः poet हमें अस्त्रों के प्रयोग को भी मना कर रहा है। हमें इन क्षणों में स्थिर और शांत रहना है और किसी प्रकार की गतिविधियां नही करनी हैं।
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On the face of earth - (सारा संसार)whole world
Keep still - (स्थिर रहना ) to stop activities
Not Move Arms - ( शान्ति से रहना' अस्त्रों का प्रयोग न करना )be in peace, inactive, without use of armour

2. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines,
we would all be together in a sudden strangeness
Fishermen in the cold sea would not harm whales and the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands

Explanation : Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

If we do so (i.e be calm, still and inactive), it would be certainly a very strange or wonderful moment without any hurry to do things fast and without chaos prevailed all over with human activities. There would be an utter calmness all around. Everyone will feel a sense of togetherness for there won't be any language barrier.

Fishermen

As there is no activity going on, fishermen won't hurt whales in the sea. Poet means to say that men won't hurt other animals living on earth or in water for their selfish reasons. Similarly, man who is gathering salt will see his wounded hands. He will stop his work for some time and think of himself.
Without rush - ( बिना भागदौड़) without hurry
Without engine - (बिना मशीनों के) without running factories and machinery.

Exaplanation in Hindi:
यदि ऐसा होता है तो यह बहुत ही विचित्र क्षण होगा जिसमें किसी प्रकार की भाग दौड़ या जल्दबाजी न होगी। फैक्ट्री या मशीनों का शोर नहीं होगा। अचानक ही पूरे विश्व में शांति छा जाएगी। भाषा की कोई बाधा न होगी और सभी में एक दूसरे के प्रति एकता और भाईचारे की भावना विकसित होगी।
चूंकि इन क्षणों में हम कोई काम नही कर रहे होंगे इसलिए हमें अपने बारे में सोचने का अवसर मिल सकेगा। मछुआरे गहरे समुद्रों में व्हेल्स मछलियों को हानि नहीं पहुचाएंगे। इस तरह से कवि दूसरे जानवरों के प्रति दया करने की सीख भी दे रहा है। नमक इकठा करने वालों को भी अपने घायल

Salt at sea

हाथों को देखने का समय मिल जाएगा । और वे ज्यादा का लालच छोड़ कर अपने स्वास्थ्य की चिंता करेंगे और आत्मचिंतन भी करेंगे।
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3. Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire
victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.
What I want should not be confused with total inactivity.
Life is what it is about
I want no truck with death.

Explanation:Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

Warmongers will not think about creating a fresh war with their neighbours and also with their neighbouring countries . Wars which are fought with chemical weapons and with fire arms will stop emerging by this self introspection. Such wars are won, but no one survives. So such warmongers will stop producing wars and start living even with their enemies like brothers. They feel a sense of brotherhood. Now poet make it very clear that he doesn't advocate total inactivity and death. One should not left his work for good. Inactivity is like death itself. Life should not stop and must move on.
Exaplanation in Hindi:
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जो युद्ध पैदा करते हैं और अशांति फैलाते हैं, जो खतरनाक रासायनिक और अग्निशस्त्रो से युद्ध करते हैं; ऐसी विजय चाहते हैं जिसमें कोई जीवित नहीं बचता है; वे भी अपने दुश्मनों को भाइयों की तरह देखना आरम्भ कर देंगे। और शांति से रहना आरम्भ कर देंगे। कवि कहता है कि उसकी बातों का गलत अर्थ नहीं निकाला जाना चाहिए। कवि सदा के लिए काम बंद करने को नहीं कहता है। कुछ न करना तो मृत्यु के समान है और poet का मृत्यु से कोई सम्बंध नहीं है। जीवन तो चलने का नाम है और ये चलते ही रहना चाहिए।
Green wars - ( युद्व पैदा करना) to create war
War with gas - (रासायनिक हथियार) War with chemical
War with fire - (अग्निशस्त्र) war with fire arms
Clean clothes - (बदल जाना) to change oneself
In the shade - (शान्ति से) peaceful atmosphere
No truck with death - (मौत से सरोकार नहीं) not related to death and inactivity.

4. If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death.

Explanation: Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

All of us should be determined to keep our life moving on. If we stop our activities for a few moments, a huge silence may prevail as a result of it. This silence may break the sadness of never understanding ourselves. As a result of this silence, we feel threatened with death. This moment will set aside this sadness.

Exaplanation in Hindi:

यदि हम अपने जीवन को चलाये रखने के प्रति दृढ है तो ये कुछ क्षणों की खामोशी उस उदासी को दूर करने में सहायक होगी, जो हमारे अंदर अपने आप को न समझ पाने के कारण व्याप्त है। उस उदासी को भी दूर कर देगी जो सदा मौत के भय के कारण महसूस होती है।

Single minded - (दृढ) determined

5. Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive
Now I'll count up to twelve and you keep quiet and I will go.

Explanation: Keeping Quiet summary in hindi

Here poem present a beautiful symbol of earth. Earth seems dead during winter. There is no greenery and freshness left on earth. Everything seems dead and lifeless
when season changes, it proves alive once again. Similarly we should remain inactive and still for a few moments and do the introspection . And then we should restart our work with full energy and enthusiasm. Now poet says that he will count up to twelve and asks us to be still.

Exaplanation in Hindi:

यहां poet हमें संकेत के रूप में धरती का उदाहरण दिया जा रहा है जो सर्दी के मौसम में मृत प्रतीत होती है। धरती पर कोई हरियाली या कोई जीवन प्रतीत नहीं होता है। लेकिन मौसम बदलने पर ये धरती फिर से जीवन्त व हरीभरी दिखने लगती है। हमें भी कुछ क्षण निष्क्रिय रहकर आत्मचिंतन करना है और फिर से पूरे जोश से दोबारा काम मे लग जाना है। इन्ही शब्दों के साथ poet 12 तक गिनने की बात करता है और हमे स्थिर रहने की सलाह देता है।
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For comprehension and other questions click the links below :

My Mother at Sixty Six- Kamala Das : Comprehension and Questions

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum - Stephen Spender